ITEA Individuation Test for Emerging Adults (ITEA): Adaptation for the Portuguese population
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v33i1.1396Keywords:
Individuation, emerging adults, ITEAAbstract
The present study aims to adapt to "Individuation Test for Emerging Adults (ITEA)" to the Portuguese population and to analyze its psychometric properties. The sample was constituted by 432 emerging adults aged ranging from 18 to 30 years. The confirmatory factorial analysis showed appropriate adjustment indexes had been confirming the original conceptual model of ITEA. The results reveal psychometrics properties that confirm the cultural and linguistic adequacy of ITEA in the Portuguese population. The ITEA was able to the identifying differences in psychological distancing process the emerging adults to the fathers based on the participants' age and gender. The reliability was evaluated through the Alpha de Cronbach that revealed indices the .80 / .82 for the instrument totality in the mother and father version, respectively. Furthermore, measurement invariance was analyzed among parental roles and the participant’s gender.
Downloads
References
Arnett, J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: what is it, and what is it good for? Child Development Perspectives, 1(1), 68-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x
Barrett, P. T., & Kline, P. (1981) Radial parcel factor analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 2, 311-318. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/0191-8869(81)90086-6
Blos, P. (1967). The second individuation process of adolescence. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 22(1), 162-186. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/00797308.1967.11822595
Buhl, H. M. (2008). Significance of individuation in adult child-parent relationships. Journal of Family Issues, 29(1), 262-281. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0192513X07304272
Buhl, H. M., & Lanz, M. (2007). Emerging adulthood in Europe: common traits and variability across five European countries. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22, 439–443. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0743558407306345
Byrne, B. M., & Watkins, D. (2003). The issue of measurement invariance revisited. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34(2), 155-175. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0022022102250225
Cheung, G. W., & Lau, R. S. (2012). A direct comparison approach for testing measurement invariance. Organizational Research Methods, 15(2), 167–198. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/1094428111421987
Coffman, D. L., & MacCallum, R. C. (2005). Using parcels to convert path analysis models into latent variable models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 40, 235-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr4002_4
Correia, F., & Mota, C. P. (2016). Ambiente familiar e qualidade da vinculação amorosa – papel mediador da individuação em jovens adultos. Análise Psicológica, 1(34), 15-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14417/ap.1018.
Cronbach, L. J. (2004). My current thoughts on coefficient alpha and successor procedures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64, 391-418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164404266386
Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Publications.
Hambleton, R. K. (2005). Issues, designs and technical guidelines for adapting tests into multiple languages and cultures. In R. K. Hambleton, P. F. Merenda, & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment (pp. 3-38). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Josselson, R. (1980). Ego development in adolescence. In J. Adelson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (pp. 188–210). New York: Wiley.
Klein, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York & London: The Guilford Press.
Koepke, S. & Denissen, J. (2012). Dynamics of identity development and separation-individuation in parent-child relationships during adolescence and emerging adulthood – a conceptual integration. Developmental Review, 32, 67-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2012.01.001
Komidar, L., Zupančič, M., Puklek Levpušček, M., & Bjornsen, C. A. (2016). Development of the short version of the Individuation Test for Emerging Adults (ITEA–S) and its measurement invariance across Slovene and U.S. emerging adults. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(6), 626-639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2016.1171231.
Komidar, L., Zupančič, M., Sočan, G., & Puklek Levpušček, M. (2013). Development and construct validation of the individuation test for emerging adults (ITEA). Journal of Personality Assessment, 96, 503-514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.850703.
Kruse, J., & Walper, S. (2008). Types of individuation in relation to parents: predictors and outcomes. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32, 390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408093657
Lamborn, S. D., & Groh, K. (2009). A four-part model of autonomy during emerging adulthood: associations with adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33, 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025409338440
Lee, K. L., Tsai, S. L., Chiu, Y. T., & Ho, M. J. (2016). Can student self-ratings be compared with peer ratings? A study of measurement invariance of multisource feedback. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 21(2), 401–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10459-015-9638-5
Levine, S. Z., Petrides, K. V., Davis, S. Jackson, C. J., & Howell, P. (2005). The use of structural equation modelling in stuttering research: Concepts and directions. Stammering Research, 1, 344-363.
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Preacher, K. J., & Hong, S. (2001). Sample size in factor analyses: the role of model error. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 36, 611-637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327906MBR3604_06
Mahler, M., Pine, F., & Bergman, A. (1975). The psychological birth of human infant. London & United Kingdom: Hutchinson.
Milfont, T. L., & Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups. Applications in cross-cultural research. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1), 111-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.857
Mota, C. P., & Matos, P. M. (2013). Conflitos interparentais e individuação em jovens adultos portugueses: Papel dos conflitos de lealdade. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 29(3), 83-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722013000300004
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Puklek Levpušček, M. (2006). Adolescent individuation in relation to parents and friends: age and gender differences. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 3, 238–264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405620500463864
Tagliabue, S., & Lanz, M. (2014). Exploring social and personal relationships: The issue of measurement invariance of non-independent observations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44(7), 683–690. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2047
Tanner, J. L. (2006). Recentering during emerging adulthood: a critical turning point in life span human development. In J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America (pp. 21–55). Washington: American Psychological Association.
Walper, S., Schwarz, B., & Jurasic, S. (1996). Entwicklung und erprobung des münchner individuations tests. Berichte aus der arbeitsgruppe “aamilienentwicklung nach der trennung” 8/1996. Ludwig-Maximilians: Universität Munchen Press.
Youniss, J., & Smollar, J. (1985). Adolescent relations with mothers, fathers, and friends. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zupančič, M., & Kavčič, T. (2014). Student personality traits predicting individuation in relation to mothers and fathers. Journal of Adolescence, 37, 715-726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.12.005.