Parental styles, bullying and the mediational role of psychopathological symptoms in adolescents and young adults

Authors

  • Catarina Pinheiro Mota Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro – UTAD Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto
  • Mónica Pinheiro Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro – UTAD

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v32i2.1345

Keywords:

Parental styles, bullying, psychopathological symptomatology, adolescents and young adults

Abstract

Over the last decades, the bullying phenomenon had countless repercussions, however, it still remains an issue that need to be addressed according to a comprehensive and relational approach of young’s experiences. The present study aims to analyse the perceived parenting styles (either to mother or the father) and to test their involvement on bullying behaviours, as well as to test the mediating role of the psychopathological symptomatology in last association. The study sample consisted of 1976 adolescents and young adults aged between 14 and 25 years old (M = 17.22, SD = 2.50). The results indicate a significant effect of parenting styles regarding to bullying behaviours, as well as the existence of a mediation role of psychopathological symptomatology in the association between parenting styles and bullying behaviours. The results will be discussed in light of Baumrind’s theory, assuming the importance of parenting styles to the psychological and behavioural development in adolescents and young adults.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Catarina Pinheiro Mota, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro – UTAD Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto

Professora Auxiliar. Departmento de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro – UTAD, Edifício do Complexo Pedagógico, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal. Membro Integrado do Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto

Mónica Pinheiro, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro – UTAD

Mestre em Psicologia Clínica.Departmento de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro – UTAD, Edifício do Complexo Pedagógico, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

References

Ahmed, E., & Braithwaite, V. (2004). Bullying and victimization: cause for concern for both families and schools. Social Psychology of Education, 7, 35-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:SPOE.0000010668.43236.60

Albino, P., & Terêncio, M. (2012). Considerações críticas sobre o fenómeno de bullying do conceito ao combate e à prevenção. Revista Eletrónica do CEAF, 1(2), 1-21.

Arnett, J. J. (2006). Emerging adulthood in Europe: A response to Bynner. Journal of Youth Studies, 9, 111-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676260500523671

Atik G., & Güneri O. (2013). Bullying and victimization: Predictive role of individual, parental and academic factors. School Psychology International, 34, 658-673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034313479699

Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control of child behavior. Development, 37, 887-907. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1126611

Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11, 56-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431691111004

Baumrind, D. (1997). Necessary distinctions. Psychological Inquiry, 8, 176-229. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0803_2

Berger, K. (2007). Update on bullying at school: Science forgotten? Developmental Review, 27, 91-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2006.08.002

Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Vol. 1: Attachment. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Vol.2: Separation, anxiety and anger. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. Vol.3: Loss, sadness and depression. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Brand, S., Gerber, M., Beck, J., Kalak, N., Hatzinger, M., Pühse, U., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2011). Perceived parenting styles differ between genders but not between elite athletes and controls. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 2, 9-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S16992

Bynner, J. (2005). Rethinking the youth phase of the life-course: The case for emerging adulthood? Journal of Youth Studies, 8, 367-384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676260500431628

Byrne, B. M. (2006). Structural equation modelling with EQS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. 2nd Edition. New Jersey, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Canavarro, M. (1999). Inventário de sintomas psicopatológicos – BSI. In M. Gonçalves, L. Almeida, & M. Simões (Eds.), Testes e provas psicológicas em Portugal, vol. III (pp 77-100). Braga: APPORT.

Carvalhosa, S. (2010). Prevenção da violência e do bullying em contexto escolar. Lisboa. Climepsi Editores.

Carvalhosa, S., Lima, L., & Matos, M. (2001). Bullying – A provocação/vitimação entre pares no contexto escolar português. Análise Psicológica, 4, 523-537. https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.384

Costello, J., Copeland, W., & Angold, A. (2011). Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: What changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 1015–1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x

Cook, C., Williams, K., Guerra, N., Kim, T., & Sadek, S. (2010). Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 25, 65-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020149

Diaz-Aguado, M. J., Arias, R., & Seoane, G. (2004). Prevención de la violencia y lucha contra la exclusión desde la adolescencia.Vol.1. La violencia entre iguales en la escuela y en el ocio. Estudios comparativos e instrumentos de evaluación. Madrid: Instituto de la Juventud.

Derogatis, L. R. (1993). Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI): Administration, scoring and procedures manual (3rd Ed.). Minneapolis. MN: National Computers Systems.

Dracic, S. (2009). Bullying and peer victimization. Materia Sócio Medica, 21, 216-219.

Dogde, K., & Petit, G. (2003). A biopsychosocial model of the development of chronic conduct problems in adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 39, 349-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.2.349

Efobi, A., & Nwokolo, C. (2014). Relationship between parenting styles and tendency to bullying behaviour among adolescents. Journal of Education & Human Development, 3, 507-521. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejcop.v2i1.2

Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York, NY: Norton.

Fan, X., Thompson, B., & Wang, L. (1999). Effects of sample size, estimation method, and model specification on structural equation modelling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modelling, 6, 56-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540119

Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Publications.

Georgiou, S. (2008). Bullying and victimization at school: The role of mothers. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 78, 109-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709907X204363

Georgiou, S., & Fanti, K. (2010). A transactional model of bullying and victimization. Social Psychology of Education, 13, 295-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11218-010-9116-0

Georgiou, S., & Stavrinides, P. (2013). Parenting at home and bullying at school. Social Psychology of Education, 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11218-012-9209-z

Gini, G. (2006). Bullying as a social process: The role of group membership in students'

perception of inter-group aggression at school. Journal of School Psychology, 44, 51-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.12.002

Kaltiala-Heino, R., Rimpela, M., Rantanen, P., & Rimpela, A. (2000). Bullying at school – an indicator of adolescents at risk for mental disorders. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 661-674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jado.2000.0351

Klomek, A., Marrocco, F., Kleinman, M., Schonfeld, I., & Gould, M. (2007). Bullying, depression, and suicidality in adolescents. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 40-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000242237.84925.18

Hokoda, A., Lu, H.-H., & Angeles, M. (2006). School bullying in Taiwanese adolescents. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 6, 70-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J135v06n04_04

Hutz, C., & Bardagir, M. (2006). Indecisão profissional, ansiedade e depressão na adolescência: a influência dos estilos parentais. Psico-USF, 11, 65-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-82712006000100008

Laboviti, B. (2015). Perceived parenting styles and their impact on depressive symptoms in adolescent 15-18 years old. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 1, 171-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n1p171

Lipps, G., Lowe, G., Gibson, R., Halliday, S., Morris, A., Clarke, N., & Wilson, R. (2012). Parenting and depressive symptoms among adolescents in four Caribbean societies. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6, 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-6-31

Macedo, M. (2010). Adolescência e psicanálise. Interseções possíveis. Porto Alegre: Edipucrs.

Machado, S. (2007). Padrões de vinculação aos pais em adolescentes e jovens adultos e adaptação à Universidade. Revista Portuguesa de Pedagogia, 41, 5-28.

Marôco, J. (2014a). Análise de equações estruturais: Fundamentos teóricos, software e aplicações. Lisboa: Sílabo.

Marôco, J. (2014b). Análise estatística com o SPSS Statistics (6ª ed). Lisboa: Sílabo.

Martins, M. (2005). Agressão e vitimação entre adolescentes, em contexto escolar: Um estudo empírico. Análise Psicológica, 4, 401-425. https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.558

Martins, M. (2009). Maus-tratos entre adolescentes na escola. Lisboa: Editorial Novembro.

Martins, M. J. D., & Castro, F. V. (2010). How is social competence related to aggression and/or victimization in school? International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 3, 305-315.

Meier, M., Carr, R., Currie, M., & Neimeyer, A. (2013). Attachment anxiety and avoidance in coping with bereavement: Two studies. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32, 315-334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2013.32.3.315

Michiels, D., Grietens, H., Onghena, P., & Kuppens, S. (2010). Perceptions of maternal and paternal attachment security in middle childhood: Links with positive parental affection and psychosocial adjustment. Early Child Development and Care, 180, 211-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004430903415064

Morris, A., Silk, J., Steinberg, L., Myers, S., & Robinson, L. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16(2), 361–388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.x

Mota, C. P., & Rocha, M. (2012). Adolescência e jovem adultícia: Crescimento pessoal, separação-individuação e o jogo das relações. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 28, 357-366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722012000300011

Neto, L (2005). Bullying: Comportamento agressivo entre estudantes. Jornal de Pediatria, 81, 164–172. http://dx.doi.org/0021-7557/05/81-05-Supl/S164

Newman, K., Harrison, L., Dashiff, C., & Davies, S. (2008). Relationships between parenting styles and risks behaviors in adolescent health: an integrative literature review. Revista Latino-am Enfermagem, 16, 142-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692008000100022

Nishikawa, S., Sundbom, E., & Hägglöf, B. (2010). Influence of perceived parental rearing on adolescent self-concept and internalizing and externalizing problems in Japan. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-009-9281-y

Nunes, F., & Mota, C. P. (2018). Parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire – adaptação da versão portuguesa de heterorrelato. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 27, 117-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ rcp.v27n1.64621

Olivari, M., Wahn, E., Maridaki-Kassotaki, K., Antonopoulou, K., & Confalonieri, E. (2015). Adolescent perceptions of parenting styles in Sweden, Italy and Greece: An exploratory study. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 11, 244–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v11i2.887

Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among school children: basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. In D. Pepler & K. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 411-448). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Oxford, UK: Wiley.

Olweus, D., & Limber, S. (1999). Blueprints for violence prevention: Bullying prevention program (Book Nine). Boulder, CO: C & M. Press.

Ok, S., & Aslan, S. (2010). The school bullying and perceived parental style in adolescents. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 536-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.138

Pereira, B. (2008). Para uma escola sem violência: estudo e prevenção das práticas agressivas entre crianças (2.ª Ed.). Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.

Pontzer, D. (2010). A theoretical test of bullying behavior: Parenting, personality, and the bully/victim relationship. Journal of Family Violence, 25, 259-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-009-9289-5

Powell, M., & Ladd, L. (2010). Bullying: A review of the literature and implications for family therapists. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 38, 189-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926180902961662

Reitman, D., Rhode. P., Hupp, S., & Altobello, C. (2002). Development and validation of the parental authority questionnaire-revised. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24, 119-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015344909518

Reppold, T., & Hutz, S. (2003). Exigência e responsividade parental como preditores de depressão em adolescentes no sul do Brasil. Avaliação Psicológica, 3, 175-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-82712006000100008

Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (1995). Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting practices: Development of a new measure. Psychological Reports, 77, 819-830. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.819

Scabini, E., & Manzi, C. (2011). Family processes and identity. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research (Vol. 2, pp. 565-584). New York, NY: Springer.

Seixas, S. (2005). Violência escolar: Metodologias de identificação dos alunos agressores e/ou vítimas. Análise Psicológica, 2, 97-110. https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.75

Silva, J., Morgado, J., & Maroco, J. (2012). The relationship between portuguese adolescent perception of parental styles, social support, and school behavior. Psychology, 3, 513-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2012.37074

Simões, S., Ferreira, J. J., Braga, S., & Vicente, H. (2015). Bullying, vinculação e estilos educativos parentais em adolescentes do 3º ciclo do ensino básico. Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social, 1, 30-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7342/ismt.rpics.2015.1.1.8

Skinner, A., Johnson, S., & Snyder, T. (2005). Six dimensions of parenting: A motivational model. Parenting: Science and Practice, 5, 175-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327922par0502_3

Skrzypiec, G., Slee, P., Murray-Harvey, R., & Pereira, B. (2011). School bullying by one or more ways: does it matter and how do students cope? Scholl Psychology Internacional, 32, 288-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034311402308

Soares, I. (2007). Relações de vinculação ao longo do desenvolvimento: Teorias e avaliação. Braga: Psiquilibrios.

Wolfradt, U., Hempel, S., & Miles, J. (2003). Perceived parenting styles, depersonalization, anxiety and coping behavior in adolescents. Personality and Individual Diferences, 34, 521-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00092-2

Published

2018-12-28

How to Cite

Pinheiro Mota, C., & Pinheiro, M. (2018). Parental styles, bullying and the mediational role of psychopathological symptoms in adolescents and young adults. PSICOLOGIA, 32(2), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v32i2.1345

Issue

Section

Non-thematic articles