Separação-individuação aos pais e resiliência nos conflitos no namoro em jovens adultos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17575/psicologia.1874Palavras-chave:
Separação-individuação, Conflitos no namoro, Resiliência, Jovens AdultosResumo
A qualidade da vinculação com as figuras parentais tem um papel privilegiado no desenvolvimento da individuação dos jovens adultos, na forma como estes experienciam as suas relações amorosas e na aptidão de lidarem com acontecimentos adversos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo testar o papel preditor da separação-individuação aos pais e da resiliência nos conflitos no namoro, assim como testar o papel moderador da resiliência na associação entre a separação-individuação aos pais e os conflitos no namoro. A amostra foi constituída por 948 sujeitos com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 30 anos de idade (M = 21.76, DP = 3.31). Os resultados apontam que os conflitos no namoro são preditos pela separação- individuação aos pais e pela resiliência. Os dados sugerem ainda o efeito moderador da resiliência na associação entre a intrusividade e autoconfiança na mãe e as estratégias de resolução de conflitos não abusivas e os comportamentos violentos.
Downloads
Referências
Ahmadabadi, Z., Najman, J. M., Williams, G.M., Clavarino, A.M. & d'Abbs, P. (2021). Gender differences in intimate partner violence in current and prior relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(1-2), 915-937. doi: 10.1177/0886260517730563.
Alarcão, M. (2006). (Des)equilibrios familiares: Uma visão sistemática (3ªed.). Quarteto Editora.
Amin, D., Manhan, A. J., Zeidan, A.J., Evans, D.P., Abramowicz, S., Smith, R.N. (2023). Do gender differences exist among victims of head and neck injuries due to intimate partner violence? Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, 81(1), 49-55. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.10.002.
Araújo, R. & Mota, P. C. (2011). Resiliência e auto-conceito em jovens institucionalizados: qualidade da ligação a figuras significativas. (Manuscrito não publicado). Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real.
Arnett, J. J. (2014). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Oxford University Press
Barreira, D. D., & Nakamura, A. P. (2006). Resiliência e a auto-eficácia percebida: Articulação entre conceitos. Aletheia, (23), 75-80.
Barroso, R. (2017). Violência sexual em Portugal: Em que ponto estamos? Sociedade Portuguesa de Sexologia Clínica.
Bisquert-Bover, M., Giménez-García, C., Gil, B., Martínez-Gomez, N., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2019). Mitos del amor romántico y autoestima en adolescentes. International Journal of Educational Development, 1, 507–518. doi: 10.17060/ijodaep.2019.n1.v5.1633.
Bittar, D. B. & Nakano, A. M. S. (2017). Violência simbólica entre adolescentes nas relações afetivas do namoro. Revista Escola Enfermagem USP, 51(1), 01-08. doi: 10.1590/s1980-220x2017003003298
Blom, I. & Bergman, A. (2013). Observing development: A comparative view of attachment theory and separation–individuation theory. In Bettmann., J, Ellen., D., Friedman & Donna (Eds.), Attachment- based clinical work with children and adolescents (9-43). Springer.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base. Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. Basic Books.
Buhl, H. M. (2008). Significance of individuation in adult child–parent relationships. Journal of Family Issues, 29 (2), 262-281. doi: 10.1177/0192513X07304272
Caridade, S., Machado, C. & Vaz, F. (2007). Violência no namoro: Estudo exploratório com jovens estudantes. Psychologica, 46, 197-214.
Cheshure, A., Zeigler-Hill, V., Sauls, D., Vrabel, J. K. & Lehtman, M. J. (2020). Narcissism and emotion dysregulation: Narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry have divergent associations with emotion regulation difficulties. Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109679
Choe, S. Y., Lee, J. O. & Read, S. J. (2022). Psychological intimate partner violence, insecure attachment, and parental psychological control from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(7-8),4467-4486. doi: 10.1177/0886260520957974.
Cook, E. C. (2020). Understanding the associations between helicopter parenting and emerging adults’ adjustment. Journal of Child Family Studies, 29, 1899–1913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01716-2
Costa, M. E. & Matos, P. M. (2007). Abordagem sistémica do conflito. Universidade Aberta.
Di Pierro, R., Di Sarno, M., Preti, E., Di Mattei, V. E., & Madeddu, F. (2018). The role of identity instability in the relationship between narcissism and emotional empathy. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 35(2), 237– 243. https://doi.org/10.1037/pap0000159
Dutton, D. G. & White, K. R. (2012). Attachment insecurity and intimate partner violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17 (5), 475-481. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2012.07.003
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. W.W. Norton.
Flett, G. L., Flett, A. L. & Wekerle, C. (2015). A conceptual analysis of interpersonal resilience as a key resilience domain: Understanding the ability to overcome child sexual abuse and other adverse interpersonal contexts. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Resilience (IJCAR), 3(1), 4-33. doi: https://ijcar-rirea.ca/index.php/ijcar-rirea/article/view/173
Galambos, N. L., Fang, S., Horne, R. M., Johnson, M. D., & Krahn, H. J. (2018). Trajectories of perceived support from family, friends, and lovers in the transition to adulthood. Journal of Social Personal Relationships, 35, 1418–1438. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517717
Grych, J., Hamby, S. & Banyard, V. (2015). The resilience portfolio model: Understanding healthy adaptation in victims of violence. Psychology of Violence, 5(4), 343. doi: 10.1037/a0039671
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression- based approach. Guilford Press.
Hazan, C. & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52 (3), 511. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
Herrero, J., Vivas, P., Torres, A. & Rodríguez, F. J. (2018). When violence can appear with different male partners: Identification of resilient and non-resilient women in the European Union. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 877. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00877
Kavčič, T. & Zupančič, M. (2019). Types of separation-individuation in relation to mothers and fathers among young people entering adulthood. Journal of Youth Studies, 22(1), 66-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2018.1478070
Komidar, L., Zupančič, M., Sočan, G. & Puklek Levpušček, M. (2013). Development and construct validation of the Individuation Test for Emerging Adults (ITEA). Journal of Personality Assessment, 1-12. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2013.850703
Korkmaz, S. & Överlien, C. (2020). Responses to youth intimate partner violence: The meaning of youth-specific factors and interconnections with resilience. Journal of Youth Studies 23 (3), 371–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2019.1610557
Leadbeater, B. J., Sukhawathanakul, P., Holfeld, B. & Temple, J.R. (2017). The effects of continuities in parent and peer aggression on relational intimate partner violence in the transition to young adulthood. Prevention Science, 18(3),350-360. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0757-5.
Leen, E., Sorbring, E., Mawer, M., Holdsworth, E., Helsing, B. & Bowen, E. (2013). Prevalence, dynamic risk factors and the efficacy of primary interventions for adolescent dating violence: An international review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18 (1), 159-174. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.015
López-Fuentes, I., & E. Calvete (2015). Building resilience: A qualitative study of spanish women who have suffered intimate partner violence. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 85 (4), 339–351.
Machado, C., Martins, C. & Caridade, S. (2014). Violence in intimate relationships: A comparison between married and dating couples. Journal of Criminology, 2014, 1-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/897093
Márcia, J. E. (2002). Identity and psychosocial development in adulthood. International Journal of Theory and Research, 2, 7–28. doi: 10.1207/S1532706XID0201_02
Marôco, J. (2007). Análise estatística com utilização do SPSS. Sílabo.
Martín-Salvador, A., Saddiki-Mimoun, K., Pérez-Morente, M. Á., Álvarez-Serrano, M. A., Gázquez-López, M., Martínez-García, E. & Fernández-Gómez, E. (2021). Dating violence: Idealization of love and romantic myths in spanish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 18(10), 5296. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105296.
Meeus, W., Iedema, J., Maassen, G. & Engels, R. (2005). Separation-individuation revisited: On the interplay of parent–adolescent relations, identity and emotional adjustment in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 28 (1), 89- 106. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.07.003
Monteiro, I., Ramião, E., Figueiredo, P. & Barroso, R. (2022). The role of temperament in mediating the association between adolescence dating violence and early traumatic experiences. Youth, 2, 285-294. https://doi.org/10.3390/youth2030021
Morais, M. H. & Mota, C.P. (2020). Separação-individuação aos pais e bem-estar psicológico em jovens adultos: Papel mediador da personalidade. Psicologia, 34 (1),135-146. https://doi.org/10.17575/psicologia.v34i1.1430
Mota, C. P. & Rocha, M. (2012). Adolescência e jovem adultícia: Crescimento pessoal, separação- individuação e o jogo das relações. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 28 (3), 357-366. doi: 10.1590/S0102-37722012000300011
Nascimento, O. C., Costa, M. C. O., Costa, A. M. & da Cunha, B. D. S. G. (2018). Violência no percurso amoroso e saúde mental de adolescentes-jovens: Revisão integrativa. Revista de Saúde Coletiva da UEFS, 8(1), 30-38. doi: 10.13102/rscdauefs.v8.3505
Nunes, F., Correia, F. & Mota, C. P. (2019). Individuation Test for Emerging Adults (ITEA): Adaptação para a população portuguesa. Psicologia, 33 (1), 33-46. doi: 10.17575/rpsicol.v33i1.1396
Oliveira, C., Fonseca, G., Sotero, L., Crespo, C. & Relvas, A. P. (2020). Family dynamics during emerging adulthood: Reviewing, integrating, and challenging the field. Journal of Family Theory Review, 12, 350–367. doi: 10.1111/jftr.12386
Oliveira, Q. B. M., Assis, S. G. D., Njaine, K. & Pires, T. D. O. (2016). Violência física perpetrada por ciúmes no namoro de adolescentes: um recorte de gênero em dez capitais brasileiras. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 32(03). Doi: 10.1590/0102-3772e32323
Organização Mundial de Saúde [OMS]. (2015). Prevenindo a violência juvenil: um panorama das evidências. Retirado http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/181008/5/9789241509251-por.pdf?ua=1
Özbay, Y. & Aydogan, D. (2020). Cumulative risk factors and family relationship quality in understanding turkish emerging adults’ resilience. Journal of Adult Development, 27, 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-019-09344-x
Permatasari, N., Rahmatillah, A. F. & Ismail, N. (2021). Contribution of perceived social support (peer, family, and teacher) to academic resilience during COVID-19. Golden Ratio of Social Science and Education, 1(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52970/grsse.v1i1.94
Schokkenbroek, J. M., Ouytsel, J.V., Hardyns, W. & Ponnet, K. (2022). Adults' online and offline psychological intimate partner violence experiences. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(15-16), 14656-14671. doi: 10.1177/08862605211015217.
Sigelman, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2018). Life-span human development (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Rollè, L., Giardina, G., Caldarera, A. M., Gerino, E., & Brustia, P. (2018). When intimate partner violence meets same sex couples: A review of same sex intimate partner violence. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1506. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01506
Rutter, M. (2006). The promotion of resilience face of adversity. In A. Clarke & J. Dunn (Eds.), Families count: Effects on child and adolescent development: The Jacobs Foundation series on adolescence (pp. 26-50). Cambridge University Press.
Wagnild, G. M. & Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of resilience scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1 (2), 165-178.
Wang, J., Lai, R., Yang, A., Yang, M. & Guo, Y. (2021). Helicopter parenting and depressive level among non-clinical Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Affective Disorders, 295, 522-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.078
World Health Organization (WHO) (2023). WHO addresses violence against women as a gender equality and health priority. 2023 Available online: https://www.who.int/news/item/17-07-2023-who-addresses-violence-against-women-as-a-gender-equality-and-health-priority.
Wolfe, D. A., Scott, K., Reitzel-Jaffe, D., Wekerle, C., Grasley, C. & Straatman, A. L. (2001). Development and validation of the conflict in adolescent dating relationships inventory. Psychological Assessment, 13 (2), 277. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.13.2.277
