Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) from a sample of Ecuadorian college students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17575/psicologia.1871Palavras-chave:
College students, Cognitive fusion, Reliability, ValidityResumo
Cognitive Fusion is related to psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression, and is assessed through the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ). Aim: to confirm the unidimensional structure of the CFQ, its internal consistency reliability, and convergent and divergent validity in a sample of Ecuadorian college students. Method: instrumental design using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to estimate convergent and divergent validity of the CFQ. Participants: 356 college students (59.1% women) aged between 18 and 58 years (M = 25.52, SD = 7.51) from several universities in Ecuador (43.9% public institutions). Results: the unidimensional structure of the CFQ is confirmed, through adequate fit indices. Its reliability is excellent (ω = .954) and, regarding convergent and divergent validity, it correlates positively with Experiential Avoidance (AAQ-II) and negatively with Satisfaction with Life (SWLS). Conclusion: The Psychometric properties of the CFQ are adequate for its application in Ecuadorian college students.
Downloads
Referências
Arias, P. R., & Garcia, F. E. (2018). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en población ecuatoriana adulta. Pensamiento Psicológico, 16(2), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.11144/javerianacali.ppsi16-2.ppes
Bennett, R., & Oliver, J. E. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy: 100 key points and techniques. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351056144
Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II: A Revised Measure of Psychological Inflexibility and Experiential Avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 676–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007
Chase, J. A., Houmanfar, R., Hayes, S. C., Ward, T. A., Vilardaga, J. P., & Follette, V. (2013). Values are not just goals: Online ACT-based values training adds to goal setting in improving undergraduate college student performance. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2(3), 79-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.08.002
China, C., Hansen, L. B., Gillanders, D. T., & Benninghoven, D. (2018). Concept and validation of the German version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-D). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCBS.2018.06.003
Cookson, C., Luzon, O., Newland, J., & Kingston, J. (2020). Examining the role of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in predicting anxiety and depression. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 93(3), 456–473. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12233
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsem, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Dominguez-Lara, S. (2018). Proposal for cut-offs for factor loadings: A construct reliability perspective. Enfermeria Clinica, 28(6), 401–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2018.06.002
Ferrando, P. J., & Anguiano-Carrasco, C. (2010). El análisis factorial como técnica de investigación en psicología. Papeles Del Psicologo, 31(1), 18–33. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3150810yinfo=resumenyidioma=ENG
Flora, D. B. (2020). Your Coefficient Alpha Is Probably Wrong, but Which Coefficient Omega Is Right? A Tutorial on Using R to Obtain Better Reliability Estimates. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(4), 484–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920951747
Flynn, M. K., Hernandez, J. O., Hebert, E. R., James, K. K., & Kusick, M. K. (2018). Cognitive fusion among hispanic college students: Further validation of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 7, 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.11.003
Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Juarascio, A. S., Yeomans, P. D., Zebell, J. A., Goetter, E. M., & Moitra, E. (2012). The Drexel defusion scale: A new measure of experiential distancing. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 1(1–2), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2012.09.001
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 (10th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Gillanders, D. T., Bolderston, H., Bond, F. W., Dempster, M., Flaxman, P. E., Campbell, L., Kerr, S., Tansey, L., Noel, P., Ferenbach, C., Masley, S., Roach, L., Lloyd, J., May, L., Clarke, S., & Remington, B. (2014). The Development and Initial Validation of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Behavior Therapy, 45(1), 83–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BETH.2013.09.001
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. (2012). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. Guilford Press.
Hedrih, V. (2020). Adapting Psychological Tests and Measurement Instruments for Cross-Cultural Research. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429264788
Herzberg, K. N., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J. P., Crede, M., Earleywine, M., & Eifert, G. H. (2012). The believability of anxious feelings and thoughts questionnaire (BAFT): A psychometric evaluation of cognitive fusion in a nonclinical and highly anxious community sample. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 877–891. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027782
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
José Quintero, P. S., Rodríguez Biglieri, R., Etchezahar, E., & Gillanders, D. T. (2022). The Argentinian version of the cognitive fusion questionnaire: Psychometric properties and the role of cognitive fusion as a predictor of pathological worry. Current Psychology, 41(5), 2546–2557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00767-4
Karekla, M., Nikolaou, P., & Merwin, R. M. (2022). Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating AcceptME—A Digital Gamified Acceptance and Commitment Early Intervention Program for Individuals at High Risk for Eating Disorders. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(7), 1775. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071775
Kaur Kang, H., Rhodes, C., Rivers, E., Thornton, C. P., & Rodney, T. (2021). Prevalence of mental health disorders among undergraduate university students in the United States: A review. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(2), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20201104-03
Kim, B. O., & Cho, S. (2015). Psychometric properties of a Korean version of the cognitive fusion questionnaire. Social Behavior and Personality, 43(10), 1715–1724. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.10.1715
Kohn, R., Ali, A. A., Puac-Polanco, V., Figueroa, C., López-Soto, V., Morgan, K., Saldivia, S., & Vicente, B. (2018). Mental health in the Americas: an overview of the treatment gap. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health, 42, e165. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2018.165
Korkmaz, S., Goksuluk, D., & Zararsiz, G. (2014). MVN: An R package for assessing multivariate normality. R Journal, 6(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2014-031
Krafft, J., Haeger, J. A., & Levin, M. E. (2019). Comparing cognitive fusion and cognitive reappraisal as predictors of college student mental health. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 48(3), 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2018.1513556
Larzabal-Fernandez, A., Pilco, K., Moreta-Herrera, R. & Rodas, J.A. (2023). Psychometric properties of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale in a sample of adolescents from Ecuador. Child Psychiatry & Human Development. on-line first. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-023-01501-4
Li, C. H. (2016). The performance of ML, DWLS, and ULS estimation with robust corrections in structural equation models with ordinal variables. Psychological Methods, 21(3), 369–387. https://doi.org/10.1037/MET0000093
Lucena-Santos, P., Carvalho, S., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Gillanders, D., & Silva Oliveira, M. (2017). Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire: Exploring measurement invariance across three groups of Brazilian women and the role of cognitive fusion as a mediator in the relationship between rumination and depression. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.02.004
Luoma, J. B., Hayes, S. C., & Walser, R. D. (2007). Learning ACT: An acceptance y commitment therapy skills-training manual for therapists. New Harbinger.
Mardia, K. V. (1970). Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications. Biometrika, 57(3), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/57.3.519
Moreta-Herrera, R., Caycho-Rodríguez, T., Salinas, A., Jiménez-Borja, M., Gavilanes-Gómez, & D., Jiménez-Mosquera, C. (2022) Factorial Validity, Reliability, Measurement Invariance and the Graded Response Model for the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS) in a Sample of Ecuadorians. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, (first online). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00302228221116515
Moreta-Herrera, R., Domínguez-Lara, S., Vaca-Quintana, D., Zambrano-Estrella, J., Gavilanes-Gómez, D., Ruperti-Bonilla, E., & Bonilla, D. (2021b). Psychometric properties of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in Ecuadorian college students. Psihologijske Teme, 30(3), 573-590. https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.30.3.9
Moreta-Herrera, R., Sánchez-Vélez, H., Naranjo-Vaca, S., & Zambrano-Estrella, J. (2021a). Salud mental en universitarios del Ecuador: síntomas relevantes, diferencias por género y prevalencia de casos. Pensamiento Psicológico, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javerianacali.PPSI19.smue
Morin, L., Grégoire, S., & Lachance, L. (2021). Processes of change within acceptance and commitment therapy for university students: Preliminary evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of American College Health, 69(6), 592–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1705828
Pinto-Gouveia, J., Dinis, A., Gregório, S., & Pinto, A. M. (2020). Concurrent effects of different psychological processes in the prediction of depressive symptoms – the role of cognitive fusion. Current Psychology, 39(2), 528–539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9767-5
R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. https://www.r-project.org/
Revelle, W. (2022). psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research (2.2.3). https://cran.r-project.org/package=psych
Rodas, J., Jara-Rizzo, M., Greene, C., Moreta-Herrera, R., & Oleas, D. (2022). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological distress during lockdown due to COVID-19. International Journal of Psychology. 57(3). 315-324. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12818
Romero-Moreno, R., Márquez-Gonzáles, M., Losada, A., Gillanders, D., & Fernández-Fernández, V. (2014). Cognitive fusion in dementia caregiving: psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Behavioral Psychology, 22(1), 117–132. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266030695
Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/JSS.V048.I02
Ruiz, F. J., Suárez Falcón, J. C., Riaño Hernández, D., & Gillanders, D. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire in Colombia. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 49(1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rlp.2016.09.006
Ruiz, F. J., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., Cárdenas-Sierra, S., Durán, Y., Guerrero, K., & Riaño-Hernández, D. (2016). Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II in Colombia. Psychological Record, 66(3), 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-016-0183-2
Sánchez-Vélez, H., & Moreta-Herrera, R. (2022). Miedo y Ansiedad al Covid-19, estrés y percepción de salud. Modelo de predicción en pacientes hospitalarios de atención primaria del Ecuador. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology. 38(3), 439-447. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.489761
Scardera, S., Sacco, S., Di Sante, J., & Booij, L. (2021). Body image-related cognitive fusion and disordered eating: the role of self-compassion and sad mood. Eating and Weight Disorders, 26(2), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-00868-w
Sheldon, E., Simmonds-Buckley, M., Bone, C., Mascarenhas, T., Chan, N., Wincott, M., Gleeson, H., Sow, K., Hind, D., & Barkham, M. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors for mental health problems in university undergraduate students: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 287, 282–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.054
Torres, C., Otero, P., Bustamante, B., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Vázquez, F. L. (2017). Mental health problems and related factors in Ecuadorian college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050530
Valencia, P., & Falcón, C. (2019). Estructura factorial del Cuestionario de Fusión Cognitiva en universitarios de Lima. Interacciones: Revista de Avances En Psicología, 5(2), e167. https://doi.org/10.24016/2019.v5n2.167
Wang, S., Zhou, Y., Yu, S., Ran, L.-W., Liu, X.-P., & Chen, Y.-F. (2017). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy as Treatments for Academic Procrastination: A Randomized Controlled Group Session. Research on Social Work Practice, 27(1), 48-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731515577890
World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/W?sequence=1
Yanagida, T. (2022). misty: Miscellaneous Functions “T. Yanagida” (R package version 0.4.5). https://cran.r-project.org/package=misty%0A
Zacharia, M., Ioannou, M., Theofanous, A., Vasiliou, V. S., & Karekla, M. (2021). Does Cognitive Fusion show up similarly across two behavioral health samples? Psychometric properties and invariance of the Greek–Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (G-CFQ). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 21, 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.01.003
